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Psychotherapy
"Don't keep it all inside; get it off your chest" is a piece of advice we have all been offered at one point in our lives. Effective therapy, however, involves more than mere talk and venting. True healing is achieved by delving into the depths of our beings to find the roots of our deep-seated ailments. In psychotherapy counseling, the therapist guides his or her client towards uninhibited emotional disclosure- a process that generates unquantifiable dividends for the latter. Numerous studies have shown that emotional disclosure strengthens the immune system by increasing the levels of CD4 cells and natural killer cells and improves the health of individuals afflicted with rheumatoid arthritis, asthma, and other conditions.
In psychotherapy, also referred to as counseling, psychosocial therapy, therapy or talk therapy, a mental health professional assists a client with personal growth, behavioral issues, or mental health problems. Therapy involves treatment of emotional and mental disorders by talking about one's condition with a psychologist, psychiatrist or other trained professional. Psychotherapists perform a holistic analysis of their clients' situation, helping them pinpoint troubles, worries, and problems as well as implement coping strategies. Current issues are examined under the microscope of childhood events, and the unconscious' influence is acknowledged. The psychotherapist scrutinizes a client's behavior, emotions, and thoughts for a certain duration and until a pattern is identified. Upon recognition of their typical or repetitive behavioral responses, clients are then able to effectuate changes.
Psychotherapy treatment helps patients tackle the following issues, among others:
- Stress;
- Relationship issues;
- Addictions and noxious habits;
- Emotional problems;
- Anxiety;
- Bereavement;
- Sexual problems;
- Phobias;
- Depression;
- Substance abuse;
- Child rearing problems; and
- Family conflicts.
The various methods of psychotherapy involve talking to the therapist and enable patients to:
- Uncover the reasons for their condition so that they can better address it;
- Identify and modify thoughts or behaviors that negatively impact their life;
- Sharpen communication skills;
- Learn more effective coping and problem-resolution skills (for better management of depression, anger, anxiety, and stress);
- Practice setting reasonable goals;
- Explore experiences and relationships;
- Increase their self-love and love for others;
- Improve their self-confidence and self-esteem;
- Heal old wounds; and
- Remove psychological blocks (i.e. past family issues and relationships), break old habits, and develop new approaches to tackling old issues).
Psychotherapy may be short-term or consist of numerous sessions over the course of several years. Prospective clients may choose between individual, group, couples, or family sessions. Research has shown that psychotherapy coupled with medication provides greater benefit to patients than medication alone. Other benefits provided by psychotherapy treatment include the following:
- A novel perspective on a complex problem;
- Effectiveness in depression relapse prevention;
- Greater affordability than anti-depressant medication in the short run;
- Efficacy in treating mood disorders that is comparable to that of anti-depressant drug treatment;
- Outperformance of mood stabilizers in the treatment of bipolar depression;
- Longer-lasting results than medication;
- Maintenance of a high level of psychosocial functioning
- Reduction of mental health symptoms, such as anger, depression, and desperation;
- Long-range benefits for post-traumatic stress syndrome following a natural disaster or other trauma;
- Alleviation of mental health symptoms;
- Combating specific conditions such as depression;
- Increased self-awareness and a better understanding of one's values and goals; and
- Honing skills for improving relationships.
The most common types of psychotherapy are as follows:
- Psychoanalysis
In this intensive, long-term therapy, counselors help clients examine feelings, events, and memories from the past in order to make sense of present behavior and emotions and make life-enhancing changes. Patients usually attend several weekly psychoanalytical sessions for a number of years.
- Psychodynamic psychotherapy
In this commonly-utilized form of treatment, the psychotherapist helps clients become cognizant of any existing, unconscious influence that past experiences may be exercising on their present lives by way of symptoms, thoughts, emotions, or behavior. Some of the techniques employed in this generally brief treatment addressing specific problems include analyzing actions and thoughts, confronting behavior and beliefs, resolving conflicts, and re-visiting the past. Clients are asked to put the new skills to work between sessions or make entries in a diary and are assigned homework exercises.
- Cognitive behavioral therapy
In behavior therapy, the emphasis is on the modification of negative, unhealthy thought patterns and behaviors, which affect physical and emotional well-being. This is often achieved through desensitization, also known as exposure therapy, a process in which clients confront the situations that trigger traumatic reactions, discomfort, fear, or anxiety and learn to overcome their responses. In cognitive therapy, patients are taught to identify and modify habitual faulty thinking (i.e. over-generalization; all or nothing thinking) patterns known as "cognitive distortions" which give rise to behaviors and emotions that are unhelpful, unrealistic, self-destructive or self-defeating. To reduce the likelihood that their symptoms will resurface, patients practice the skills learned in their everyday lives. This type of psychoanalytical treatment tends to focus more on the present and future than on past conflicts or issues.
Cognitive behavioral therapy has proven to be successful in the treatment of the following conditions and disorders:
- Post-traumatic stress disorder;
- Depression (mild to severe);
- Anxiety;
- Phobias (i.e. social phobia)
- Obsessive-compulsive disorder;
- Schizophrenia;
- Panic attacks;
- Addictions;
- Suicidal behavior;
- Anger management; and
- Stress management.
- Marital and family therapy
Marital psychotherapists assist couples in resolving their difficulties jointly. In family therapy, the objective is family functioning, and the sessions are attended by more than one family member at the same time. Family therapy is particularly useful in situations such as (1) problems with siblings or relatives, (2) children acting out, (3) parenting difficulties, (4) school problems, and (5) divorce.
- Interpersonal therapy
This short-term treatment method is effective in treating long-lasting anxiety and depression and is aimed at helping clients improve their communication and interpersonal skills, assertiveness, and emotional expressiveness. While it is usually administered one-on-one, it is also utilized in a group setting.
- Play therapy
Psychotherapists often apply this treatment method when working with young children, in that it facilitates emotional expression on the part of the latter who are not cognitively-developed to express themselves verbally. Among the techniques deployed are painting and playing with toys or dolls.
- Supportive psychotherapy
This form of psychotherapy treatment is especially useful in treating individuals afflicted with a chronic and severe mental illness.
- Art therapy
In creative art therapy, a psychotherapist helps clients communicate their thoughts and emotions through the vehicle of poetry, painting, drawing, drama, dance, music, and other creative arts. This type of psychotherapy enables patients to cope with trauma and symptoms, implement positive changes, and gain a better understanding of themselves.
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